糖尿病とは
血液中の血糖値が高くなる疾患で、1型と2型にわけられる。
1型は何らかの原因ですい臓からのインスリンが分泌されないタイプで、
2型は生活習慣などによりインスリンの分泌が弱まったり、効きがわるくなるタイプ。
遺伝的な要素もおおきい。
放置すると三大合併症(網膜症・腎症・神経障害)などを引き起こす。
※以後、2型糖尿病についての記載になります。
原因
遺伝的な要素と食べ過ぎ、飲みすぎ、運動不足、ストレスなどによって、すい臓からのインスリンの分泌が弱まったり、働きが悪くなり、血液中の血糖値が高くなる。
働きが悪くなる原因として、内臓脂肪によるものがある。
(インスリン抵抗性)
症状
のどが渇く、頻尿、疲れやすくなる、体重が減る。
悪化すると三大合併症を引き起こし、失明、人口透析、壊疽などのリスクがある。
三大合併症
- 糖尿病性網膜症
- 糖尿病性腎症
- 神経障害
網膜に出血がおこり、視力の低下や失明を引き起こす病気。
腎臓の血管が傷つけられ、機能が低下し腎不全などを引き起こす。
手足のしびれや痛み、感覚の鈍麻、下痢や便秘を繰り返す、立ちくらみ、味覚が鈍くなる、発汗異常、尿が勢いよくでない、勃起障害など、酷くなると足の壊疽などを引き起こす。
検査・診断
- 空腹時血糖値125mg/dL以上
- 経口ブドウ糖負荷試験200mg/dL以上
- 随時血糖値200mg/dL以上
- HbA1c6.5%以上
などにより判断する。
治療
食事療法、運動療法、薬、インスリン注射など
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